# std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rend, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::crend

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< cpp‎ | string‎ | basic string

reverse_iterator rend(); | (1) | (noexcept since C++11) (constexpr since C++20)
const_reverse_iterator rend() const; | (2) | (noexcept since C++11) (constexpr since C++20)
const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept; | (3) | (since C++11) (constexpr since C++20)

Returns a reverse iterator to the character following the last character of the reversed string. It corresponds to the character preceding the first character of the non-reversed string. This character acts as a placeholder, attempting to access it results in undefined behavior.

### Parameters

(none)

### Return value

Reverse iterator to the character following the last character.

### Complexity

Constant.

### Notes

libc++ backports `crend()` to C++98 mode.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <iterator>
    #include <string>

    int main()
    {
        std::string p("[A man, a plan, a canal: Panama]");
        std::string q;

        std::copy(p.crbegin(), p.crend(), std::back_inserter(q));
        std::cout << "q = " << q << '\n';

        std::copy(q.crbegin(), q.crend(), p.rbegin());
        std::cout << "p = " << p << '\n';
    }

Output:

    q = ]amanaP :lanac a ,nalp a ,nam A[
    p = ]amanaP :lanac a ,nalp a ,nam A[

### See also

rbegincrbegin (C++11) | returns a reverse iterator to the beginning (public member function)
rendcrend | returns a reverse iterator to the end (public member function of `std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>`)

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