# std::ranges::views::reverse, std::ranges::reverse_view

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< cpp‎ | ranges

Defined in header `<ranges>` |  |
template< ranges::view V > requires ranges::bidirectional_range<V> class reverse_view : public ranges::view_interface<reverse_view<V>> | (1) | (since C++20)
namespace views { inline constexpr /* unspecified */ reverse = /* unspecified */; } | (2) | (since C++20)
Call signature |  |
template< ranges::viewable_range R > requires /* see below */ constexpr ranges::view auto reverse( R&& r ); |  | (since C++20)

1) A range adaptor that represents a view of underlying `view` with reversed order.
2) RangeAdaptorObject. The expression views::reverse(e) is expression-equivalent to one of the following expressions, except that e is evaluated only once:

- e.base(), if the type of `e` is a (possibly cv-qualified) specialization of `reverse_view`;
- otherwise, if the type of e is (possibly cv-qualified) ranges::subrange<std::reverse_iterator<I>, std::reverse_iterator<I>, K> for some iterator type `I` and value `K` of type `ranges::subrange_kind`:

  - ranges::subrange<I, I, K>(e.end().base(), e.begin().base(), e.size()), if `K` is `ranges::subrange_kind::sized`;
  - otherwise ranges::subrange<I, I, K>(e.end().base(), e.begin().base());

- otherwise ranges::reverse_view{e}.

In other words, `views::reverse` unwraps reversed views if possible.

A `reverse_view` always models `bidirectional_range` and `common_range`, and it models `borrowed_range`, `sized_range`, or `random_access_range` if the underlying view type `V` models the corresponding concept.

### Data members

Member name | Definition
`base_` (private) | The underlying view of type `V`. (exposition-only member object*)
`cached_end_` (private) | An optional-like cache object that holds either no value or the end iterator/position of the underlying view, which exists only if the underlying view type `V` does not model `common_range`. (exposition-only member object*)

### Member functions

(constructor) | constructs a `reverse_view` (public member function)
base | returns the underlying view `V` (public member function)
begin | returns the beginning iterator of the `reverse_view` (public member function)
end | returns the end iterator of the `reverse_view` (public member function)
size | returns the size of the view if it is bounded (public member function)
##### Inherited from std::ranges::view_interface
empty | returns whether the derived view is empty. Provided if it satisfies `sized_range` or `forward_range`. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
cbegin (C++23) | returns a constant iterator to the beginning of the range. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
cend (C++23) | returns a sentinel for the constant iterator of the range. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
operator bool | returns whether the derived view is not empty. Provided if ranges::empty is applicable to it. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
front | returns the first element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies `forward_range`. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
back | returns the last element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies `bidirectional_range` and `common_range`. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
operator[] | returns the `n`th element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies `random_access_range`. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)

## std::ranges::reverse_view::reverse_view

reverse_view() requires std::default_initializable<V> = default; | (1) | (since C++20)
constexpr reverse_view( V r ); | (2) | (since C++20)

1) Value-initializes `base_` via its default member initializer (= V()).
2) Initializes `base_` with std::move(r).

### Parameters

r | - | range to reverse

## std::ranges::reverse_view::base

constexpr V base() const& requires std::copy_constructible<V>; | (1) | (since C++20)
constexpr V base() &&; | (2) | (since C++20)

Returns the underlying view.

1) Copy-constructs the result from the underlying view. Equivalent to return base_;.
2) Move-constructs the result from the underlying view. Equivalent to return std::move(base_);.

## std::ranges::reverse_view::begin

constexpr std::reverse_iterator<ranges::iterator_t<V>> begin(); | (1) | (since C++20)
constexpr std::reverse_iterator<ranges::iterator_t<V>> begin() requires ranges::common_range<V>; | (2) | (since C++20)
constexpr auto begin() const requires ranges::common_range<const V>; | (3) | (since C++20)

1) Returns std::make_reverse_iterator(ranges::next(ranges::begin(base_), ranges::end(base_))). In order to provide the amortized constant time complexity required by the `range` concept, this function caches the result within the cache object for use on subsequent calls.
2,3) Equivalent to return std::make_reverse_iterator(ranges::end(base_));.

## std::ranges::reverse_view::end

constexpr std::reverse_iterator<ranges::iterator_t<V>> end(); | (1) | (since C++20)
constexpr auto end() const requires ranges::common_range<const V>; | (2) | (since C++20)

Equivalent to return std::make_reverse_iterator(ranges::begin(base_));.

## std::ranges::reverse_view::size

constexpr auto size() requires ranges::sized_range<V>; | (1) | (since C++20)
constexpr auto size() const requires ranges::sized_range<const V>; | (2) | (since C++20)

Returns the size of the view if the view is bounded.

1,2) Equivalent to return ranges::size(base_);.

### Deduction guides

template< class R > reverse_view( R&& ) -> reverse_view<views::all_t<R>>; |  | (since C++20)

### Helper templates

template< class T > constexpr bool enable_borrowed_range<std::ranges::reverse_view<T>> = ranges::enable_borrowed_range<T>; |  | (since C++20)

This specialization of `std::ranges::enable_borrowed_range` makes `reverse_view` satisfy `borrowed_range` when the underlying view satisfies it.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <iostream>
    #include <ranges>

    int main()
    {
        static constexpr auto il = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9};

        std::ranges::reverse_view rv{il};
        for (int i : rv)
            std::cout << i << ' ';
        std::cout << '\n';

        for (int i : il | std::views::reverse)
            std::cout << i << ' ';
        std::cout << '\n';

        // operator[] is inherited from std::view_interface
        for (auto i{0U}; i != rv.size(); ++i)
            std::cout << rv[i] << ' ';
        std::cout << '\n';
    }

Output:

    9 5 1 4 1 3
    9 5 1 4 1 3
    9 5 1 4 1 3

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
LWG 3494 | C++20 | `reverse_view` was never a `borrowed_range` | it is a `borrowed_range` if its underlying view is

### See also

reverse_iterator | iterator adaptor for reverse-order traversal (class template)
ranges::reverse (C++20) | reverses the order of elements in a range (algorithm function object)
ranges::reverse_copy (C++20) | creates a copy of a range that is reversed (algorithm function object)

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