# std::ranges::ref_view

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< cpp‎ | ranges

Defined in header `<ranges>` |  |
template< ranges::range R > requires std::is_object_v<R> class ref_view : public ranges::view_interface<ref_view<R>> |  | (since C++20)

`ref_view` is a `view` of the elements of some other `range`. It wraps a reference to that `range`.

### Data members

Member name | Definition
`r_` (private) | A pointer of type `R*` to the underlying range. (exposition-only member object*)

### Member functions

(constructor) | constructs a `ref_view` that references to the given range (public member function)
base | returns the references to the referenced range (public member function)
begin | returns the beginning iterator of the referenced range (public member function)
end | returns the sentinel of the referenced range (public member function)
empty | checks whether the referenced range is empty (public member function)
size | returns the size of the referenced `sized_range` (public member function)
data | returns the pointer to the beginning of the referenced `contiguous_range` (public member function)
##### Inherited from std::ranges::view_interface
cbegin (C++23) | returns a constant iterator to the beginning of the range. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
cend (C++23) | returns a sentinel for the constant iterator of the range. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
operator bool | returns whether the derived view is not empty. Provided if ranges::empty is applicable to it. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
front | returns the first element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies `forward_range`. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
back | returns the last element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies `bidirectional_range` and `common_range`. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)
operator[] | returns the `n`th element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies `random_access_range`. (public member function of `std::ranges::view_interface<D>`)

## std::ranges::ref_view::ref_view

template< /*different-from*/<ref_view> T > requires std::convertible_to<T, R&> && requires { _FUN(std::declval<T>()); } constexpr ref_view( T&& t ); |  | (since C++20)

Initializes `r_` with std::addressof(static_cast<R&>(std::forward<T>(t))).

/*different-from*/<T, U> is satisfied if and only if std::remove_cvref_t<T> and std::remove_cvref_t<U> are not the same type, and overloads of `_FUN` are declared as void _FUN(R&); void _FUN(R&&) = delete;.

### Parameters

t | - | range to reference

## std::ranges::ref_view::base

constexpr R& base() const; |  | (since C++20)

Equivalent to return *r_;.

## std::ranges::ref_view::begin

constexpr ranges::iterator_t<R> begin() const; |  | (since C++20)

Equivalent to return ranges::begin(*r_);.

## std::ranges::ref_view::end

constexpr ranges::sentinel_t<R> end() const; |  | (since C++20)

Equivalent to return ranges::end(*r_);.

## std::ranges::ref_view::empty

constexpr bool empty() const requires requires { ranges::empty(*r_); }; |  | (since C++20)

Equivalent to return ranges::empty(*r_);.

## std::ranges::ref_view::size

constexpr auto size() const requires ranges::sized_range<R>; |  | (since C++20)

Equivalent to return ranges::size(*r_);.

## std::ranges::ref_view::data

constexpr auto data() const requires ranges::contiguous_range<R>; |  | (since C++20)

Equivalent to return ranges::data(*r_);.

### Deduction guides

template< class R > ref_view( R& ) -> ref_view<R>; |  | (since C++20)

### Helper templates

template< class T > constexpr bool enable_borrowed_range<ranges::ref_view<T>> = true; |  | (since C++20)

This specialization of `std::ranges::enable_borrowed_range` makes `ref_view` satisfy `borrowed_range`.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <iostream>
    #include <ranges>

    int main()
    {
        const std::string s{"cosmos"};

        const std::ranges::take_view tv{s, 3};
        const std::ranges::ref_view rv{tv};

        std::cout
            << std::boolalpha
            << "call empty() : " << rv.empty() << '\n'
            << "call size()  : " << rv.size() << '\n'
            << "call begin() : " << *rv.begin() << '\n'
            << "call end()   : " << *(rv.end() - 1) << '\n'
            << "call data()  : " << rv.data() << '\n'
            << "call base()  : " << rv.base().size() << '\n' // ~> tv.size()
            << "range-for    : ";

        for (const auto c : rv)
            std::cout << c;
        std::cout << '\n';
    }

Output:

    call empty() : false
    call size()  : 3
    call begin() : c
    call end()   : s
    call data()  : cosmos
    call base()  : 3
    range-for    : cos

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
P2325R3 | C++20 | default constructor was provided as `view` must be `default_initializable` | removed along with the requirement

### See also

reference_wrapper (C++11) | CopyConstructible and CopyAssignable reference wrapper (class template)
ranges::owning_view (C++20) | a `view` with unique ownership of some `range` (class template)
views::all_tviews::all (C++20) | a `view` that includes all elements of a `range` (alias template) (range adaptor object)

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