# std::basic_stacktrace

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< cpp‎ | utility

Defined in header `<stacktrace>` |  |
template< class Allocator > class basic_stacktrace; | (1) | (since C++23)
using stacktrace = std::basic_stacktrace<std::allocator<std::stacktrace_entry>>; | (2) | (since C++23)
namespace pmr { using stacktrace = std::basic_stacktrace<std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<std::stacktrace_entry>>; } | (3) | (since C++23)

1) The `basic_stacktrace` class template represents a snapshot of the whole stacktrace or its given part. It satisfies the requirement of AllocatorAwareContainer, SequenceContainer, and ReversibleContainer, except that only move, assignment, swap, and operations for const-qualified sequence containers are supported, and the semantics of comparison functions are different from those required for a container.
2) Convenience type alias for the `basic_stacktrace` using the default std::allocator.
3) Convenience type alias for the `basic_stacktrace` using the polymorphic allocator.

The invocation sequence of the current evaluation \(\small{ {x}_{0} }\)x0 in the current thread of execution is a sequence \(\small{ ({x}_{0}, \dots, {x}_{n})}\)(x0, ..., xn) of evaluations such that, for \(\small{i \ge 0}\)i≥0, \(\small{ {x}_{i} }\)xi is within the function invocation \(\small{ {x}_{i+1} }\)xi+1.

A stacktrace is an approximate representation of an invocation sequence and consists of stacktrace entries.

A stacktrace entry represents an evaluation in a stacktrace. It is represented by std::stacktrace_entry in the C++ standard library.

### Template parameters

Allocator | - | An allocator that is used to acquire/release memory and to construct/destroy the elements in that memory. The type must meet the requirements of Allocator. The program is ill-formed if `Allocator::value_type` is not std::stacktrace_entry.

### Member types

Member type | Definition
`value_type` | std::stacktrace_entry
`const_reference` | const value_type&
`reference` | value_type&
`const_iterator` | implementation-defined const LegacyRandomAccessIterator type that models `random_access_iterator`
`iterator` | `const_iterator`
`reverse_iterator` | std::reverse_iterator<iterator>
`reverse_const_iterator` | std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>
`difference_type` | implementation-defined signed integer type
`size_type` | implementation-defined unsigned integer type
`allocator_type` | `Allocator`

### Member functions

(constructor) | creates a new `basic_stacktrace` (public member function)
(destructor) | destroys the `basic_stacktrace` (public member function)
operator= | assigns to the `basic_stacktrace` (public member function)
current [static] | obtains the current stacktrace or its given part (public static member function)
get_allocator | returns the associated allocator (public member function)
##### Iterators
begincbegin | returns an iterator to the beginning (public member function)
endcend | returns an iterator to the end (public member function)
rbegincrbegin | returns a reverse iterator to the beginning (public member function)
rendcrend | returns a reverse iterator to the end (public member function)
##### Capacity
empty | checks whether the `basic_stacktrace` is empty (public member function)
size | returns the number of stacktrace entries (public member function)
max_size | returns the maximum possible number of stacktrace entries (public member function)
##### Element access
operator[] | access specified stacktrace entry (public member function)
at | access specified stacktrace entry with bounds checking (public member function)
##### Modifiers
swap | swaps the contents (public member function)

### Non-member functions

operator==operator<=> (C++23) | compares the sizes and the contents of two `basic_stacktrace` values (function template)
std::swap(std::basic_stacktrace) (C++23) | specializes the std::swap algorithm (function template)
to_string (C++23) | returns a string with a description of the `basic_stacktrace` (function template)
operator<< (C++23) | performs stream output of `basic_stracktrace` (function template)

### Helper classes

std::hash<std::basic_stacktrace> (C++23) | hash support for `std::basic_stacktrace` (class template specialization)
std::formatter<std::basic_stacktrace> (C++23) | formatting support for `basic_stacktrace` (class template specialization)

### Notes

Support for custom allocators is provided for using `basic_stacktrace` on a hot path or in embedded environments. Users can allocate `stacktrace_entry` objects on the stack or in some other place, where appropriate.

The sequence of std::stacktrace_entry objects owned by a `std::basic_stacktrace` is immutable, and either is empty or represents a contiguous interval of the whole stacktrace.

boost::stacktrace::basic_stacktrace (available in Boost.Stacktrace) can be used instead when `std::basic_stacktrace` is not available.

Feature-test macro | Value | Std | Feature
--- | --- | --- | ---
`__cpp_lib_stacktrace` | `202011L` | (C++23) | Stacktrace library
`__cpp_lib_formatters` | `202302L` | (C++23) | Formatting std::thread::id and std::stacktrace

### Example

The output obtained using Compiler Explorer: msvc and gcc.

Run this code

    #include <iostream>
    #include <stacktrace>

    int nested_func(int c)
    {
        std::cout << std::stacktrace::current() << '\n';
        return c + 1;
    }

    int func(int b)
    {
        return nested_func(b + 1);
    }

    int main()
    {
        std::cout << func(777);
    }

Possible output:

    // msvc output (the lines ending with '⤶' arrows are split to fit the width):
    0> C:\Users\ContainerAdministrator\AppData\Local\Temp\compiler-explorer-compiler20221122-⤶
    31624-2ja1sf.8ytzw\example.cpp(6): output_s!nested_func+0x1F
    1> C:\Users\ContainerAdministrator\AppData\Local\Temp\compiler-explorer-compiler20221122-⤶
    31624-2ja1sf.8ytzw\example.cpp(12): output_s!func+0x15
    2> C:\Users\ContainerAdministrator\AppData\Local\Temp\compiler-explorer-compiler20221122-⤶
    31624-2ja1sf.8ytzw\example.cpp(15): output_s!main+0xE
    3> D:\a\_work\1\s\src\vctools\crt\vcstartup\src\startup\exe_common.inl(288): output_s!⤶
    __scrt_common_main_seh+0x10C
    4> KERNEL32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0x14
    5> ntdll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x21
    779

    gcc output:
       0# nested_func(int) at /app/example.cpp:7
       1# func(int) at /app/example.cpp:13
       2#      at /app/example.cpp:18
       3#      at :0
       4#      at :0
       5#

    779

### See also

stacktrace_entry (C++23) | representation of an evaluation in a stacktrace (class)

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