# _Alignas (since C11)(deprecated in C23), alignas (since C23)

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Appears in the declaration syntax as one of the type specifiers to modify the alignment requirement of the object being declared.

### Syntax

`_Alignas` `(` expression `)` | (1) | (since C11)
`alignas` `(` expression `)` | (2) | (since C23)
`_Alignas` `(` type `)` | (3) | (since C11)
`alignas` `(` type `)` | (4) | (since C23)

expression | - | any integer constant expression whose value is a valid alignment or zero
type | - | any type name

The keyword `_Alignas` is also available as convenience macro `alignas`, available in the header `<stdalign.h>`. | (until C23)

### Explanation

The `_Alignas`(until C23)`alignas`(since C23) specifier can only be used when declaring objects that are not bit-fields, and don't have the register storage class. It cannot be used in function parameter declarations, and cannot be used in a typedef.

When used in a declaration, the declared object will have its alignment requirement set to

1,2) the result of the expression, unless it is zero
3,4) the alignment requirement of type, that is, to _Alignof(type)(until C23)alignof(type)(since C23)

except when this would weaken the alignment the type would have had naturally.

If expression evaluates to zero, this specifier has no effect.

When multiple `_Alignas`(until C23)`alignas`(since C23) specifiers appear in the same declaration, the strictest one is used.

`_Alignas`(until C23)`alignas`(since C23) specifier only needs to appear on the definition of an object, but if any declaration uses `_Alignas`(until C23)`alignas`(since C23), it must specify the same alignment as the `_Alignas`(until C23)`alignas`(since C23) on the definition. The behavior is undefined if different translation units specify different alignments for the same object.

### Notes

In C++, the `alignas` specifier may also be applied to the declarations of class/struct/union types and enumerations. This is not supported in C, but the alignment of a struct type can be controlled by using `_Alignas`(until C23)`alignas`(since C23) in a member declaration.

### Keywords

`alignas`, `_Alignas`

### Example

Run this code

    #include <stdalign.h>
    #include <stdio.h>

    // every object of type struct sse_t will be aligned to 16-byte boundary
    // (note: needs support for DR 444)
    struct sse_t
    {
        alignas(16) float sse_data[4];
    };

    // every object of type struct data will be aligned to 128-byte boundary
    struct data
    {
        char x;
        alignas(128) char cacheline[128]; // over-aligned array of char,
                                          // not array of over-aligned chars
    };

    int main(void)
    {
        printf("sizeof(data) = %zu (1 byte + 127 bytes padding + 128-byte array)\n",
               sizeof(struct data));

        printf("alignment of sse_t is %zu\n", alignof(struct sse_t));

        alignas(2048) struct data d; // this instance of data is aligned even stricter
        (void)d; // suppresses "maybe unused" warning
    }

Output:

    sizeof(data) = 256 (1 byte + 127 bytes padding + 128-byte array)
    alignment of sse_t is 16

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
DR 444 | C11 | `_Alignas` was not allowed in struct and union members | allowed

### References

- C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):

  - 6.7.5 Alignment specifier (p: TBD)

  - 6.2.8 Alignment of objects (p: TBD)

  - 7.15 Alignment <stdalign.h> (p: TBD)

- C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):

  - 6.7.5 Alignment specifier (p: 92)

  - 6.2.8 Alignment of objects (p: 36-37)

  - 7.15 Alignment <stdalign.h> (p: 196)

- C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

  - 6.7.5 Alignment specifier (p: 127-128)

  - 6.2.8 Alignment of objects (p: 48-49)

  - 7.15 Alignment <stdalign.h> (p: 268)

### See also

max_align_t (C11) | a type with alignment requirement as great as any other scalar type (typedef)
`_Alignof`(until C23)`alignof`(since C23) | queries alignment requirements of an object (operator)
C++ documentation for `alignas` specifier

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