# std::set<Key,Compare,Allocator>::emplace_hint

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< cpp‎ | container‎ | set

template< class... Args > iterator emplace_hint( const_iterator hint, Args&&... args ); |  | (since C++11)

Inserts a new element into the container as close as possible to the position just before hint.

The constructors of the key and mapped value are called with exactly the same arguments as supplied to the function, forwarded with std::forward<Args>(args)....

No iterators or references are invalidated.

### Parameters

hint | - | iterator to the position before which the new element will be inserted
args | - | arguments to forward to the constructor of the element

### Return value

An iterator to the inserted element, or to the element that prevented the insertion.

### Exceptions

If an exception is thrown for any reason, this function has no effect (strong exception safety guarantee).

### Complexity

Logarithmic in the size of the container in general, but amortized constant if the new element is inserted just before hint.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <chrono>
    #include <cstddef>
    #include <functional>
    #include <iomanip>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <set>

    const int n_operations = 100'500'0;

    std::size_t set_emplace()
    {
        std::set<int> set;
        for (int i = 0; i < n_operations; ++i)
            set.emplace(i);
        return set.size();
    }

    std::size_t set_emplace_hint()
    {
        std::set<int> set;
        auto it = set.begin();
        for (int i = 0; i < n_operations; ++i)
        {
            set.emplace_hint(it, i);
            it = set.end();
        }
        return set.size();
    }

    std::size_t set_emplace_hint_wrong()
    {
        std::set<int> set;
        auto it = set.begin();
        for (int i = n_operations; i > 0; --i)
        {
            set.emplace_hint(it, i);
            it = set.end();
        }
        return set.size();
    }

    std::size_t set_emplace_hint_corrected()
    {
        std::set<int> set;
        auto it = set.begin();
        for (int i = n_operations; i > 0; --i)
        {
            set.emplace_hint(it, i);
            it = set.begin();
        }
        return set.size();
    }

    std::size_t set_emplace_hint_closest()
    {
        std::set<int> set;
        auto it = set.begin();
        for (int i = 0; i < n_operations; ++i)
            it = set.emplace_hint(it, i);
        return set.size();
    }

    double time_it(std::function<std::size_t()> set_test,
                   const char* what = nullptr,
                   double ratio = 0.0)
    {
        const auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        const std::size_t setsize = set_test();
        const auto stop = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
        const std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli> time = stop - start;
        if (what != nullptr && setsize > 0)
            std::cout << std::setw(8) << time << " for " << what << " (ratio: "
                      << (ratio == 0.0 ? 1.0 : ratio / time.count()) << ")\n";
        return time.count();
    }

    int main()
    {
        std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);
        time_it(set_emplace); // cache warmup
        const auto x = time_it(set_emplace, "plain emplace");
        time_it(set_emplace_hint, "emplace with correct hint", x);
        time_it(set_emplace_hint_wrong, "emplace with wrong hint", x);
        time_it(set_emplace_hint_corrected, "corrected emplace", x);
        time_it(set_emplace_hint_closest, "emplace using returned iterator", x);
    }

Possible output:

    392.25ms for plain emplace (ratio: 1.00)
     97.15ms for emplace with correct hint (ratio: 4.04)
    387.52ms for emplace with wrong hint (ratio: 1.01)
     84.80ms for corrected emplace (ratio: 4.63)
     83.67ms for emplace using returned iterator (ratio: 4.69)

### See also

emplace (C++11) | constructs element in-place (public member function)
insert | inserts elements or nodes(since C++17) (public member function)

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