# atomic_fetch_add, atomic_fetch_add_explicit

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< c‎ | atomic

Defined in header ``<stdatomic.h>`` |  |
C atomic_fetch_add( volatile A* obj, M arg ); | (1) | (since C11)
C atomic_fetch_add_explicit( volatile A* obj, M arg, memory_order order ); | (2) | (since C11)

Atomically replaces the value pointed by `obj` with the result of addition of `arg` to the old value of `obj`, and returns the value `obj` held previously. The operation is read-modify-write operation. The first version orders memory accesses according to memory_order_seq_cst, the second version orders memory accesses according to `order`.

This is a generic function defined for all atomic object types `A`. The argument is pointer to a volatile atomic type to accept addresses of both non-volatile and volatile (e.g. memory-mapped I/O) atomic objects, and volatile semantic is preserved when applying this operation to volatile atomic objects. `M` is either the non-atomic type corresponding to `A` if `A` is atomic integer type, or ptrdiff_t if `A` is atomic pointer type.

It is unspecified whether the name of a generic function is a macro or an identifier declared with external linkage. If a macro definition is suppressed in order to access an actual function (e.g. parenthesized like (atomic_fetch_add)(...)), or a program defines an external identifier with the name of a generic function, the behavior is undefined.

For signed integer types, arithmetic is defined to use two’s complement representation. There are no undefined results. For pointer types, the result may be an undefined address, but the operations otherwise have no undefined behavior.

### Parameters

obj | - | pointer to the atomic object to modify
arg | - | the value to add to the value stored in the atomic object
order | - | the memory synchronization ordering for this operation: all values are permitted

### Return value

The value held previously by the atomic object pointed to by `obj`.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <threads.h>
    #include <stdatomic.h>

    atomic_int acnt;
    int cnt;

    int f(void* thr_data)
    {
        for(int n = 0; n < 1000; ++n) {
            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&acnt, 1, memory_order_relaxed); // atomic
            ++cnt; // undefined behavior, in practice some updates missed
        }
        return 0;
    }

    int main(void)
    {
        thrd_t thr[10];
        for(int n = 0; n < 10; ++n)
            thrd_create(&thr[n], f, NULL);
        for(int n = 0; n < 10; ++n)
            thrd_join(thr[n], NULL);

        printf("The atomic counter is %u\n", acnt);
        printf("The non-atomic counter is %u\n", cnt);
    }

Possible output:

    The atomic counter is 10000
    The non-atomic counter is 9511

### References

- C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):

  - 7.17.7.5 The atomic_fetch and modify generic functions (p: 208)

- C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

  - 7.17.7.5 The atomic_fetch and modify generic functions (p: 284-285)

### See also

atomic_fetch_subatomic_fetch_sub_explicit (C11) | atomic subtraction (function)
C++ documentation for atomic_fetch_add, atomic_fetch_add_explicit

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