# std::move

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< cpp‎ | algorithm

Defined in header `<algorithm>` |  |
template< class InputIt, class OutputIt > OutputIt move( InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first ); | (1) | (since C++11) (constexpr since C++20)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 > ForwardIt2 move( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last, ForwardIt2 d_first ); | (2) | (since C++17)

1) Moves the elements in the range `[`first`,` last`)`, to another range beginning at d_first, starting from first and proceeding to last. After this operation the elements in the moved-from range will still contain valid values of the appropriate type, but not necessarily the same values as before the move.
2) Same as (1), but executed according to policy.
This overload participates in overload resolution only if all following conditions are satisfied:

std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true. | (until C++20)
std::is_execution_policy_v<std::remove_cvref_t<ExecutionPolicy>> is true. | (since C++20)

If d_first is within the range `[`first`,` last`)`, the behavior is undefined. In this case, std::move_backward may be used instead.

### Parameters

first, last | - | the range of elements to move
d_first | - | the beginning of the destination range
policy | - | the execution policy to use
Type requirements
- `InputIt` must meet the requirements of LegacyInputIterator.
- `OutputIt` must meet the requirements of LegacyOutputIterator.
- `ForwardIt1, ForwardIt2` must meet the requirements of LegacyForwardIterator.

### Return value

The iterator to the element past the last element moved.

### Complexity

Exactly std::distance(first, last) move assignments.

### Exceptions

The overload with a template parameter named `ExecutionPolicy` reports errors as follows:

- If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and `ExecutionPolicy` is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other `ExecutionPolicy`, the behavior is implementation-defined.
- If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

### Possible implementation

    template<class InputIt, class OutputIt>
    OutputIt move(InputIt first, InputIt last, OutputIt d_first)
    {
        for (; first != last; ++d_first, ++first)
            *d_first = std::move(*first);

        return d_first;
    }

### Notes

When moving overlapping ranges, `std::move` is appropriate when moving to the left (beginning of the destination range is outside the source range) while std::move_backward is appropriate when moving to the right (end of the destination range is outside the source range).

### Example

The following code moves thread objects (which themselves are not copyable) from one container to another.

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <chrono>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <iterator>
    #include <list>
    #include <thread>
    #include <vector>

    void f(int n)
    {
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n));
        std::cout << "thread " << n << " ended" << std::endl;
    }

    int main()
    {
        std::vector<std::jthread> v;
        v.emplace_back(f, 1);
        v.emplace_back(f, 2);
        v.emplace_back(f, 3);
        std::list<std::jthread> l;

        // copy() would not compile, because std::jthread is noncopyable
        std::move(v.begin(), v.end(), std::back_inserter(l));
    }

Output:

    thread 1 ended
    thread 2 ended
    thread 3 ended

### See also

move_backward (C++11) | moves a range of elements to a new location in backwards order (function template)
move (C++11) | converts the argument to an xvalue (function template)
ranges::move (C++20) | moves a range of elements to a new location (algorithm function object)

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